神经性厌食症,又称为厌食症,是患者自己有意造成的体重明显下降至正常生理标准体重以下,并极力维持这种状态的一种心理生理障碍。多见于青少年,发病年龄多在1325岁期间,主要为女性。",
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现代社会中以身材苗条作为有能力、高雅、有吸引力的标志,使体重偏低受到人们的青睐。在多数对神经性厌食症的患病率调查中发现,患者多来自于社会地位偏高或经济较富裕的家庭,城市人群的患病率高于农村人群。
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厌食症患者主要以围绕减少体重进行各种活动,如有意节食,严格控制主食量及脂肪、蛋白质入量,增加每日的活动量,以远低于病人应有的体重标准,常呈现出憔怀,极度消瘦,严重营养不良的躯体状态,相反病人对此感到欣慰或安稳。
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大部分患者仍认为自己或自己的某个部位还是“胖”,而为此不安,坚持“减体重”的活动。患者若不接受积极治疗,死亡率高达5%~20%,死亡的原因可能是自杀,营养不良,感染,心脏抑制。
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